Ms. Dillingham et al., Site-directed mutagenesis of motif III in PcrA helicase reveals a role in coupling ATP hydrolysis to strand separation, NUCL ACID R, 27(16), 1999, pp. 3310-3317
Motif III is one of the seven protein motifs that are characteristic of sup
erfamily I helicases. To investigate its role in the helicase mechanism we
have introduced a variety of mutations at three of the most conserved amino
acid residues (Q254, W259 and R260). Biochemical characterisation of the r
esulting proteins shows that mutation of motif III affects both ATP hydroly
sis and single-stranded DNA binding. We propose that amino acid residue Q25
4 acts as a gamma-phosphate sensor at the nucleotide binding pocket transmi
tting conformational changes to the DNA binding site, since the nature of t
he charge on this residue appears to control the degree of coupling between
ATPase and helicase activities. Residues W259 and R260 both participate in
direct DNA binding interactions that are critical for helicase activity.