Additional records of fall and winter nesting by killdeer in southern United States

We report on successful nesting attempts in fall by Killdeer (Charadrius vo ciferus) in southern Mississippi in November, 1987 and in central Arkansas in October, 1998, and a winter nesting attempt in South Carolina in Decembe r, 1998. The first nest was found 1 year before previously reported fall ne stings in the Southeast and 1 month earlier in the season. The second is th e most northern and western fall nesting site in the South, and the third i s the latest reported nesting attempt in the southern United States. Taken together with 3 other reported successful fall nests in Mississippi and Sou th Carolina, Killdeer would appear to be the only fall breeding shorebird i n North America and, based on those 6 widely-scattered observations over th e last 11 years, should now be considered a rare fall and winter breeder ac ross the southern United Stares.