In a prospective study of 2,893 African-Americans, Hispanics, and whites, m
ean age 81 years, at 43-month follow-up, congestive heart failure (CHF) dev
eloped in 194 of 686 African-Americans (28%), in 67 of 257 Hispanics (26%),
and in 533 of 1,950 whites (27%) (p = NS). The Cox regression model showed
that significant independent risk factors for CHF were male gender (risk r
atio = 1.4, p = 0.0001); hypertension (risk ratio = 2.5, p = 0.0001); coron
ary artery disease (risk ratio = 4.0, p = 0.0001); diabetes mellitus (risk
ratio = 1.6, p = 0.0001); and age (risk ratio = 1.05, p = 0.0001).