Using data for 555,038 pregnancies conceived in the Czech Republic in 1987-
1990, we show that pronounced differences in fetal survival in the middle t
rimester of pregnancy by marital status, educational level, and labor force
attachment become much smaller at full term; survival differences by age a
t conception and number of previous deliveries show relatively constant pro
portional hazards throughout gestation. Social inequalities in postpartum l
ife chances have been documented previously, but we show that similar inequ
alities exist before birth.