Competition among secondary-successional pine communities: A field study of effects and responses

Three common associates on secondary-successional pine sites (Andropogon vi rginicus, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Pinus taeda) were established in a f ield study in which a wide array of plant densities and species proportions were established using an additive series design. To mimic a specific comp etitive scenario (i.e., a managed early successional Pinus stand), Andropog on and Liquidambar were established a year prior to the establishment of Pi nus. Competitive effect (the attenuation of resources) and competitive resp onse (the growth of each species as a function of resource availability) we re determined. Effect on soil water varied among species, depth of soil, and time. In the surface soil, soil water was largely influenced through non-uptake effects, while uptake effects were predominant in deeper portions of the solum. Whe n competitor abundance was expressed on an aboveground biomass basis, rathe r than a density basis, species differences in effects on soil water were e liminated. Differences among the species in effects on soil water per unit leaf area or leaf biomass appear to be largely explained by differences in stomatal conductance. Predawn leaf-water potential was integrated over the season using a water-stress integral. Analysis of the water-stress integral suggested that Liquidambar and Andropogon both affected water available to Pious; however, only Liquidambar affected Andropogon, and only Andropogon affected seasonal water available to Liquidambar. Light was most strongly i nfluenced by Liquidambar density; however, as Andropogon density increased, the effects of Liquidambar were reduced. Andropogon response was correlated with light but not with water stress or leaf nitrogen. This reflects high light requirements and high water use eff iciency of C-4 plants. Liquidambar response was related to water stress and leaf nitrogen, perhaps reflecting the greater nitrogen requirements of har dwoods. Pinus response was significantly related to all three resources ind ividually, i.e., water stress, light, and leaf nitrogen. Pinus response was better explained by a regression model that included light and water stres s than by water stress or light alone. Pinus growth as a function of water stress and light indicated that communities dominated by Liquidambar largel y reduced Pinus growth through reduction in light, while communities domina ted by Andropogon reduced Pinus growth primarily by increasing water stress . In mixed communities of Liquidambar and Andropogon, pine growth was const rained more equally by light and water stress.