Adrenal 21-hydroxylase gene mutations in Slovenian hyperandrogenic women: evaluation of corticotrophin stimulation and HLA polymorphisms in screeningfor carrier status

Objective: To study the incidence of 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Slovenian hyperandrogenic women, at the gene level. Previous endocrine studies indic ated large differences in the incidence of 21-hydroxylase deficiency in hyp erandrogenic women. The predictive values elf the 17-hydroxyprogesterone (1 7-OHP) response to ACTH stimulation and of HLA typing in screening for carr ier status were re-evaluated, Design: Molecular analysis of CYP21 gene, ACTH stimulation and human leucoc yte antigen (HLA) typing were performed in 83 consecutive Slovenian hyperan drogenic women. Measurements: Cortisol and 17-OHP concentrations were measured at baseline and 60 min after ACTH stimulation. Basal adrenal androgen concentrations we re also measured, Results: None of 83 hyperandrogenic patients was affected with non-classica l 21-hydroxylase deficiency but 12 of 81 patients (14.8%) had high concentr ations of 17-OHP after stimulation, indicative of carrier status. The incre ase in 17-OHP concentrations could be explained by a carrier status for CYP 21 gene mutations in only three of 12 patients (25%), whereas seven of 69 p atients (10.1%) with normal concentrations of 17-OHP after stimulation were found to be carriers of CYP21 gene mutations, indicating low positive pred ictive values of ACTH stimulation as a screening test for carriers of 21-hy droxylase deficiency. In total, 11 carriers were identified among 83 patien ts: seven CYP21 gene deletions/conversions, two Gln(318)Stop and one Val(28 1)Leu mutation and one gene conversion extending from exon 4 to exon 7 were found. The association between Val(281)Leu mutation and HLA-B14 antigen wa s confirmed in this Slovenian population Conclusions: Basal or ACTH-stimulated 17-OHP concentrations are not a good indicator of the carrier status for 21-hydroxylase deficiency among Sloveni an hyperandrogenic patients. Reliable screening for carriers of 21-hydroxyl ase deficiency is possible only by molecular analysis of the CYP21 gene.