K. Kalli et al., Nondestructive evaluation of metal contaminated silicon wafers using radiometric measurements, J APPL PHYS, 86(6), 1999, pp. 3064-3067
We have performed nondestructive measurements on metal contaminated silicon
wafers using photothermal radiometric measurements. Data were collected as
a function of modulation frequency and time, showing clear distinctions be
tween the different samples examined. The sensitivity of this technique to
different forms of metallic contamination is examined. A qualitative and se
miquantitative comparison is made between theory and experiment.(C) 1999 Am
erican Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)00618-0].