Cluster of diplopia cases after periocular anesthesia without hyaluronidase

Purpose: To describe a cluster of cases of iatrogenic diplopia after catara ct surgery that occurred in 1998, when hyaluronidase was unavailable for us e in periocular anesthetic regimens. Setting: The clinical practices of the authors. Methods: This study comprised a retrospective chart review. Results: Twenty-Rye cases of transient or permanent diplopia were reported. Of these, 13 eyes had retrobulbar and 10 had peribulbar injections; in 2 c ases the injection technique was unknown. The inferior rectus was affected in 19 eyes; of these, ? had a temporary : palsy and 18 had permanent restri ction. Temporary paresis developed in the lateral rectus in 5 cases and the superior rectus in 2. Eleven cases were submitted by 4 anterior segment su rgeons, who collectively had a zero incidence of iatrogenic postoperative d iplopia in the preceding 4 to 11 years of practice (approximately 6900 case s). Conclusion: Hyaluronidase may be more important than previously suspected i n preventing anesthetic-related damage to the extraocular muscles. The infe rior rectus muscle is particularly vulnerable, presumably because of the in jection technique. (C) 1999 ASCRS and ESCRS.