Depression among high utilizers of medical care

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of unrecognized or unsuccessfully tr eated depression among high utilizers of medical care, and to describe the relation between depression, medical comorbidities, and resource utilizatio n. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING:Three HMOs located in different geographic regions of the United St ates. PATIENTS:A total of 12,773 HMO members were identified as high utilizers. E ligibility criteria for depression screening were met by 10,461 patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Depression status was assessed with the Stru ctured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental D isorders, Fourth Edition Depression screening was completed in 7,203 patien ts who were high utilizers of medical care, of whom 1,465 (20.3%) screened positive for current major depression or major depression in partial remiss ion. Among depressed patients, 621 (42.4%) had had a visit with a mental he alth specialist or a diagnosis of depression or both within the previous 2 years. The prevalence of well-defined medical conditions was the same in pa tients with and patients without evidence of depression (41.5% vs 41.5%, p = .87). However, high-utilizing patients who had not made a visit for a non specific complaint during the previous 2 years were at significantly lower risk of depression (13.1% vs 22.4%, p < .001). Patients with current depres sion or depression in partial remission had significantly higher numbers of annual office visits and hospital days per 1,000 than patients without dep ression. CONCLUSIONS:Although there was evidence that mental health problems had pre viously been recognized in many of the patients, a large percentage of high utilizers still suffered from active depression that either went unrecogni zed or was not being treated successfully. Patients who had not made visits for nonspecific complaints were at significantly lower risk of depression. Depression among high utilizers was associated with higher resource utiliz ation.