Quality of early family relationships and individual differences in the timing of pubertal maturation in girls: A longitudinal test of an evolutionary model

In an 8-year prospective study of 173 girls and their families, the authors tested predictions from J. Belsky, L. Steinberg, and P. Draper's (1991) ev olutionary model of individual differences in pubertal timing. This model s uggests that more negative-coercive (or less positive-harmonious) family re lationships in early childhood provoke earlier reproductive development in adolescence. Consistent with the model, fathers' presence in the home, more time spent by fathers in child care, greater supportiveness in the parenta l dyad, more father-daughter affection, and more mother-daughter affection, as assessed prior to kindergarten, each predicted later pubertal timing by daughters in 7th grade. The positive dimension of family relationships, ra ther than the negative dimension, accounted for these relations. In total, the quality of fathers' investment in the family emerged as the most import ant feature of the proximal family environment relative to daughters' puber tal timing.