Mb. Salawu et al., Effects of feeding quebracho tannin diets, with or without a dietary modifier, on rumen function in sheep, ANIM SCI, 69, 1999, pp. 265-274
The effect of quebracho tannin (QT) on the activities of rumen microbes was
studied both in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo study was carried out in fo
ur rumen environments created by feeding four fistulated sheep a basal diet
of chopped grass hay, grass cubes and whole barley (control) with or witho
ut the addition of QT and the dietary modifier Browse Plus (BP). The active
ingredients in BP are polyethylene glycol (PEG, more than 0.95 of the dry
material), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and calcium hydroxide. The diets off
ered were control, control plus 50 g QT per kg diet (CQT), control plus 50
g QT per kg and 0.1 (CQT + 0.1) or 1.0 g BP per kg (CaT + 1.0). The experim
ent was a 4 X 4 Latin-square design with periods of 4 weeks. Rumen liquor s
amples were collected at 0, 2, and 8 h after feeding, 18 and 25 days after
commencement of each period. Changes in flee and bound proanthocyanidin (PA
) concentrations, rumen pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFA), soluble pr
otein concentrations, particle-bound cellulase and xylanase activities and
rumen protozoal counts were used as indices of microbial activities. The sa
me diets were incubated with rumen contents in vitro, except that the 0.1 g
/kg level of BP was replaced by a fourth treatment made up of control plus
1.0 g BP per kg DM of hay (CBP). In vivo, bound PA concentrations in the ru
men liquor of all the sheep given QT-containing diets were higher than thos
e of the free PAs. The bound PA was higher (P < 0.05) in the rumen liquor o
f sheep given CQT in comparison with those containing BP. There were reduct
ions in ammonia (P > 0.05), soluble protein (P < 0.05) and total VFA (P > 0
.05) concentrations in the rumen liquor of sheep given CQT in comparison wi
th those given the control and BP-containing diets. Reductions (P > 0.05) w
ere also observed in the cellulase and xylanase activities of the rumen mic
robes and in protozoal counts (P < 0.05) in the presence of ar in the diet.
In vitro, QT reduced (P > 0.05) the viable bacterial counts, gas productio
n and the total VFA concentrations after incubation. In both the in vivo an
d in vitro experiments, BP was able to alleviate some but not all of the de
pression in microbial activities. The main constituent (PEG) in BP binds to
some of the tannins in solution and may displace tannins from tannin-prote
in complexes.