Geochemistry of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Murray-Darling River system: A conceptual isotopic/geochemical model for the fractionation of major, trace and rare earth elements
Gb. Douglas et al., Geochemistry of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Murray-Darling River system: A conceptual isotopic/geochemical model for the fractionation of major, trace and rare earth elements, AQUAT GEOCH, 5(2), 1999, pp. 167-194
A conceptual isotopic/geochemical model is presented to explain the variati
on of major, trace and rare earth element (REE) geochemistry and Sr isotope
systematics in suspended particulate matter (SPM) as a function of particl
e/colloid size. This conceptual model is an extension of a previous investi
gation of the origin of SPM in the Murray-Darling River system (MDRS) that
utilised Sr isotope systematics to examine aspects of SPM( particle/colloid
) origin, structure and mineralogy. The geochemical processes that give ris
e to the often coherent trends in major, trace and REE geochemistry and Sr
isotopic signature as a function of particulate (>1 mu m) and colloidal (<1
mu m) size in the MDRS have been identified using an enhanced SPM size fra
ctionation technique as a basis to not only obtain a broad range of particl
e/colloid size ranges, but also to provide sufficient material for subseque
nt geochemical and isotopic analysis. The conceptual isotopic/geochemical m
odel proposed here contains three major components: (i) the differential we
athering of micas and alkali (K-) feldspars to form the majority of the par
ticulate (>1 mu m) fractions (high Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio), which have a geochem
ical and Sr isotopic signature that closely resembles precursor mineralogie
s, (ii) the differential weathering of Na, Ca-feldspars (plagioclase) which
decompose to form clay minerals in the colloidal (<1 mu m) fractions (low
Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio), with a range of geochemical signatures related to the r
elative proportions of inorganic and organic constituents, and (iii) the pr
esence of natural organic matter as coatings on the particulate (>1 mu m) a
nd colloidal (<1 mu m) matter and possibly as organo-colloids which exert a
n increasing influence in particular on bulk colloid geochemistry with decr
easing colloid size. This conceptual isotopic/geochemical model also accoun
ts for the distinct variation in major, trace and REE geochemistry and Sr i
sotopic systematics between the particulate (>1 mu m) and colloidal (<1 mu
m) fractions, the variation being primarily a function of the distinctly di
fferent precursor mineralogies of the SPM fractions and geochemical fractio
nation during the weathering and transport. Additionally, this model explai
ns a systematic fractionation of REE apparent within colloidal (<1 mu m) fr
actions. Statisitcal (hierachical cluster) analysis of two particulate and
three colloidal fractions from 23 samples from the MDRS is used as a basis
to investigate geochemical and mineralogical associations within the partic
ulate and colloidal size fractions and to provide additional supporting evi
dence for the conceptual isotopic/geochemical model.