Innovation trends in the production of ethanol

The review deals with contemporary and perspective trends in modern technol ogical procedures of the ethanol production and the innovation trends in la rge-scale production. From the point of view of possible contributions and drawbacks the following techniques are discussed: simultaneous saccharifica tion and fermentation of starch, VHG-fermentation, fermentation by immobili zed yeasts, continuous fermentation with cell recycle, vacuum and extractiv e fermentation.