Ventrally emigrating neural tube cells contribute to the formation of Meckel's and quadrate cartilage

A population of multipotential neuroepithelial cells originating in the ven tral portion of the hindbrain neural tube has been shown recently to emigra te at the site of attachment of the trigeminal nerve. These ventrally emigr ating neural tube cells populate the mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal (br anchial) arch. Because the Meckel's and the quadrate cartilage develop from this mesenchyme, we sought to determine whether these ventrally emigrating neural tube cells contributed to their development. The ventral neural tub e cells were tagged with a replication-deficient retroviral vector containi ng the LacZ gene. This method permanently labels the descendents of the neu ral tube cells; thus, they can be subsequently tracked during development. The viral concentrate was microinjected into the lumen of the rostral hindb rain of chick embryos, after the emigration of neural crest is finished, on embryonic day 2 (stage 14). In control embryos, the virus was placed on to p of the neural tube. Embryos were killed on days 3, 4, and 7 and processed for the detection of LacZ-positive cells. By day 7, the Meckel's and the q uadrate cartilage can be easily recognized, LacZ-positive cells were seen i n both cartilages. They were located in perichondrium and in the cartilage. Immunostaining with the neural crest cell marker HNK-1 indicated that the LacZ-positive cells were HNK-1 negative. The HNK-1-positive neural crest-de rived cells were located in the cartilage but not in the perichondrium. The se results indicate that the chondrocytes in the Meckel's and the quadrate cartilage differentiate from two sources of cells; the ventrally emigrating neural tube cells and the neural crest. The developmental significance of differentiation of cartilage from the ventral neural tube cells and of the heterogeneous origin of chondrocytes in morphogenesis remains to be establi shed. Dev Dyn 1999;216:37-44. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.