Reconstruction of monthly NAO and EU indices back to AD 1675

Instrumental station pressure, temperature and precipitation measurements a nd proxy data were used to Statistically reconstruct monthly time series of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Eurasian (EU) circulation ind ices back to 1675. Systematic testing of the reconstruction procedure indic ated generally reliable reconstructions throughout the entire period, excep t for summertime before about 1750. Predictive skill varied for different s ub-periods depending on data availability. It was highest for autumn and wi nter and was generally better for the EU than for the NAO index. Wavelet an alysis suggested significant low-frequency variability, especially for the spring, summer and annual averaged indices. The co-variability between the NAO and EU indices was found to exhibit large decadal to century timescale variations, indicating that climate variability over the continent is tempo rarily decoupled from the NAG.