Objective. To establish the reliability and validity of a 10-item short for
m of the CES-D (CESD-10).
Design. Cross-sectional and longitudinal follow-up over 3 years. Standardiz
ed questionnaire and face-to-face interview were conducted.
Setting. Community and psychogeriatric assessment clinic of a voluntary org
anization.
Participants. Five hundred and fifty-four elderly in the general community,
30 elderly from a community centre and 31 elderly patients with depressive
symptoms.
Measures. Instruments other than the CESD-10 included Activities of Daily L
iving (ADL), the Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), the Lubben Social Network S
cale, a single-item measure of self-rated health.
Results. Reliability of the CESD-10 in terms of internal consistency was sa
tisfactory (Cronbach alpha = 0.78-0.79). Moderate consistency over a period
of 3 years was also found to be significant (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). The CESD
-10 showed comparable accuracy to the original CES-D in classifying cases w
ith depressive symptoms (kappa = 0.84, p < 0.01). Significant relationships
of the CESD-10 with impairments of daily functioning, life satisfaction, s
ocial support and self-rated health were established. The CESD-10 also diff
erentiated significantly between groups of 'normal' and clinically depresse
d elderly.
Conclusion. The CESD-10 attained satisfactory content and temporal reliabil
ity. Its construct and concurrent validity were established. With its brevi
ty, it should prove a useful mental health measure for the elderly. Copyrig
ht (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.