PCR detection of Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus from the anal mucosa in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative homosexual men

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) in the anal and oral mucosa of homosexual men with and without HIV infection and to correla te these findings to CD4+ count and anal cytology. Anal and oral cell sampl es from 20 HIV-infected and 14 non-infected homosexual men attending the ST D clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg were examined for EBV , HSV and HPV by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Proctoscopy was performed in all patients and swabs for cytology were taken. EBV was d emonstrated in 32% (6/19) of anal cell samples from the HIV-positive group but in none from 13 HIV-negative men. Asymptomatic shedding of HSV type 2 f rom the anus was detected in 3 of 19 HIV-positive men, all with low CD4+ co unts and abnormal cytology. No patient in the HIV-negative group shed HSV f rom the anus. HPV was demonstrated in 16 of 17 anal cell samples in the HIV -infected group and in 7 of 13 HIV-negative men. More than one HPV type was detected in 7 HIV-infected men. Five (29%) of 17 HIV-positive patients exh ibited abnormal cytology whereas none did so in the HIV-negative group. Tho se with abnormal cytology all had CD4+ counts below 0.35 and were infected with multiple HPV types including HPV 16/18. In conclusion, our results dem onstrate an enhanced expression of HPV as well as EBV from the anus in HIV- infected homosexual men. In this small number of patients EBV was not relat ed to low CD4+ count or to abnormal cytology.