M. Muthuraman et al., Engineering of non-linear optical crystals displaying a quasi perfect polar alignment of chromophores, J MAT CHEM, 9(9), 1999, pp. 2233-2239
Four non-linear optically active crystals based on organic salts obtained b
y bis-protonation of four diamines (trans-(+/-)-1,2-, trans-(1R,2R)-(-)-, c
is-1,2-diaminocyclohexane or R-(-)-2-methylpiperazine) by 2-methoxy-4-nitro
phenol have been prepared. Their crystal structures and non-linear optical
efficiencies have been studied. The two adjacent proton acceptor sites in 1
,2-diaminocyclohexanes play an important role in aligning the 2-methoxy-4-n
itrophenolate chromophores in a quasi-perfect polar arrangement by anchorin
g through short hydrogen bonds. In the case of the methylpiperazinium deriv
ative the symmetrical 1,4 location of proton acceptor sites directs the chr
omophores to near antiparallel alignment by forming short hydrogen bonds. T
he second harmonic generation efficiencies at 1.064 mu m of Nd3+:YAG laser
light are equivalent to that of POM (3-methyl-4-nitropyridine-1-oxide) for
the three diammoniocyclohexane derivatives and equivalent to twice that of
urea for the methylpiperazinium derivative.