Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects cells exposed to an excess of the free
radical nitric oxide, by preventing the formation of peroxynitrite. Certain
central cholinergic neurons express constitutive nitric oxide synthase (nN
OS), and presumably they are at risk from peroxynitrite intoxication. Immun
ocytochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was combined with in si
tu hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) to examine whether brain cholinergic
populations differ with respect to their expression of the messenger RNA m
olecules (mRNAs) for the manganese-dependent (Mn-SOD) and copper/zine-depen
dent superoxide dismutases (Cu/Zn-SOD).
The cholinergic neurons located in the reticular formation of the upper bra
instem (the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus [LDTN] and the pedunculopontine
nucleus [PPN]) were found to express relatively high levels of Mn-SOD mRNA,
whereas cholinergic neurons located in the basal forebrain (substantia inn
ominata [SI], diagonal band [DB], medial septum [MS], and the nucleus basal
is magnocellularis [nBM]), and the striatal cholinergic interneurons expres
sed low to intermediate levels of Mn-SOD mRNA. The rank order of median Mn-
SOD mRNA density per cholinergic cell was LDTN > PPN > SI > striatum = nBM
= DB > MS. This is similar to the rank order of nNOS mRNA densities in the
cholinergic cells in these regions (R = 0.9, p < 0.02). The rank order of C
u/Zn-SOD mRNA levels in cholinergic populations (DB > LDTN = PPN =MS > SI =
nBM = striatum) was not correlated with nNOS mRNA (R = 0.29, P > 0.05). Th
us, for cholinergic neurons, Mn-SOD may be important for protection from NO
-related oxidative stress.