A nanocrystalline surface layer was fabricated on a pure Fe plate by using
an ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) technique. The USSP induced surface nanoc
rystallization products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (X
RD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Experimental evidences show
ed that after USSP treatments, the initial coarse-grained structure in the
surface layer was refined into equiaxed ultrafine grains (about 10nm) with
random crystallographic orientations. The grain refinement mechanism during
USSP treatments is discussed. (C)1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc.