Acalculous cholecystitis caused by Salmonella paratyphi B infection in a child with acute PRE-B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AC) rarely occurs in children with acute le ukemia. The principal treatment modality of AC is emergency surgery. Medica l treatment of AC is not a good therapeutic approach. The mortality rate of AC is approximately 100% for medical treatment and 10-15% for emergency su rgery. A 9-year-old boy with acute pre-B-Cell lymphoblastic leukemia and AC caused by Salmonella paratyphi B infection is presented. He was successful ly treated with cefepime, amikacin, and granulocyte-colony stimulating fact or (G-CSF). These treatment combinations led to uneventful recovery after 2 1 days. It appears that AC in children with acute leukemia may be treated w ith appropriate intravenous antibiotics. This may be the first case of AC c aused by Salmonella paratyphi B infection reported in a child with acute pr e-B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.