Ninety years of Chagas disease: A success story at the periphery

Peripheral countries are at a disadvantage with respect to the construction of scientific knowledge, which is mostly carried out by a small number of traditional core loci countries. However, in a few cases, groups of scienti sts are able to break through exclusion barriers. Sometimes they tackle rel evant issues, share values and procedures with core loci representatives, a nd take part in heated controversies: in short, they participate in the con struction of legitimate science. These scientists form 'centres of excellen ce' in scientifically marginal countries. In this paper, contextual conditi ons involving the emergence, establishment and decline of such enterprises are discussed, on the basis of examples drawn from the history of Chagas di sease (Cd). In this history, we see a major discovery established, deconstr ucted and re-established. Quantitative analyses of publications on Cd over 70 years show the relation between the choice of different types of journal s and methodological approaches, and the legitimation strategies adopted by different groups of practitioners. It also shows the outcomes of such stra tegies in terms of production concentration, emergence of new authors and g rowth of institutional work. This story shows that it is important for the pioneers to establish a different intellectual culture in their local envir onment. Unless they do so, and gain its acceptance among their immediate co lleagues, the enterprise cannot preserve its status as a centre of excellen ce.