Mechanical resistance to shear stress: The role of echinoderm egg extracellular layers

Extracellular layers (jelly coats) on echinoderm eggs are composed of a fib rous network imbedded in a gelatinous material. This type of fibrous networ k has the potential to protect eggs from mechanical stress. To determine th e effects of shear stress and the role of jelly coats in protecting eggs fr om these stresses, eggs of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, both with and without intact jelly coats, were exposed to shear stresses ranging from 0.3 to 2 Pa in a cone and plate viscometer. The percentage of eggs remaini ng intact after exposure to the shear stress was assessed. The results indi cate that shear stress can damage eggs and that jelly coats may play a role in decreasing the effects of these stresses. Eggs with jelly coats remaine d intact and fertilizable at greater shear stresses than those with the coa ts removed. This is the first evidence that extracellular layers on inverte brate eggs can provide protection from mechanical forces.