An user-friendly synoptic key to the Lumbricidae of Austria is presented (6
2 species and infraspecific entities). Mature individuals of many species c
an be readily identified by external characters. In several cases, however,
dissection remains indispensable. Two internal characters of taxonomic sig
nificance (shape of nephridial vesicles and structure of longitudinal muscl
es) are compiled for the first time.