RT-PCR evaluation of peripheral blood, bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells in children and adolescents undergoing VACIME chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

Peripheral blood stem cell support allows dose intensification of multiple cycle chemotherapy for metastatic tumors, including pediatric sarcomas, The VACIME protocol (vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, me sna and etoposide) utilizes peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) collected fo llowing the treatment cycle as support for subsequent dose- and time-intens ive chemotherapy, A critical assumption is that PBSC collected in this mann er will be purged of residual tumor cells in vivo. We tested this assumptio n using sensitive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assess the presence of the characteristic translocations of the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), t(11; 22), and t(2;13), respectively. We used RT-PCR to evaluate 122 samples of p eripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM) and PBSC collected from 12 pediatric patients with metastatic ESFT and ARMS. The samples included pre-therapy B M and PB, as well as BM, PB, and PBSC collections at various times in the V ACIME treatment course. Molecular evidence of tumor contamination was detec ted in 1/40 PBSC collections from 12 patients. In all patients, we document ed clearance of disease by RT-PCR in peripheral blood and bone marrow by we ek 9 of the VACIME protocol. In vivo purging in combination with the intens ive VACIME regime appears to be effective in removing tumor cells from PBSC , bone marrow, and peripheral blood as detected by RT-PCR.