Will the genetic individualization of disease force a new paradigm?

Disease, through the ages, has been considered as a 'visitation' from afar to the body or as 'disequilibrium' of an internal order. In practical terms , these two concepts of disease have generated a nosology, that is a classi fication of disease states. Genetics, in its dazzling recent advances, has opened another conceptual framework: disease is an individual event, inasmu ch as our growing understanding of the genetic 'terrain' makes all subjects true individuals. Hence, it is time to abandon the old conceptual dichotom y for a Hegelian synthesis: there are no diseases (either as visitation or disequilibrium) only diseased individuals. ((C) Academie des sciences / Els evier, Paris.).