The relations between temperament and empathy in 2-year-olds

The role of infant and toddler temperament in the prediction of empathy in 2-year-old children was examined. Assessments of temperament included react ivity and affect observed at 4 months of age, as well as inhibition at Age 2. Empathy was measured in 2-year-old children's responses to simulations o f distress performed by their mothers and by an unfamiliar person. Children showed relatively more concern for the mother's distress, but they were al so responsive to unfamiliar victims. Infants who were unreactive and showed little affect also showed less empathy toward the unfamiliar adult almost 2 years later. Inhibition toward an unfamiliar adult (but not toward the mo ther) at 2 years of age was negatively related to empathy. Inhibited temper ament may thus have a major impact on young children's empathy in unfamilia r contexts. Findings also highlight the need to consider early underarousal as another dimension of temperament that may dampen expressions of empathi c concern.