Stochastic modeling of exposure and risk in a contaminated heterogeneous aquifer. 1. Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis

This paper describes a stochastic methodology for modeling contaminant tran sport to determine the risk of potential human exposure to toxic chemicals in a heterogenous contaminated aquifer, The Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) method is used to generate random hydraulic conductivity fields. Stat istical sampling of hydraulic conductivity fields is based on Monte Carlo s imple random sampling, An optimum number of Monte Carlo runs is calculated for a single uncertain groundwater parameter, hydraulic conductivity, using several approaches. The magnitude of human exposure via the ingestion of c ontaminated groundwater from a well is calculated considering the probabili stic distribution of the hydraulic conductivity results derived from a nume rically modeled contaminant concentration profile. This research shows that in exposure assessment, choosing the appropriate number of Monte Carlo sim ulations can be very critical. The number of simulations should be well jus tified and should guarantee convergence toward a stable statistical distrib ution of the output.