Adult craniocervical and pharyngeal changes - a longitudinal cephalometricstudy between 22 and 42 years of age. Part I: morphological craniocervicaland hyoid bone changes

The purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinally, by cephalometr ic means, alterations in craniocervical morphology and hyoid bone position in adult males and females, in th ree different age groups at 10-year inter vals, and to compare the changes between the two genders. The material cons isted of three series of cephalograms of 26 males and 24 females with appro ximately a 10-year interval between each series. Alterations with increasing age in males and females included: 1 An increase in anterior and posterior facial height in both genders, a re duction in mandibular prognathism, and an increase in the mandibular plane angle in females only. 2 The hyoid bone assumed a more inferior position in relation to different skeletal structures for both sexes. 3 Head posture alterations were similar for the male and female group over time. The overall significant inter-sex changes over a 20-year period were a redu ction in mandibular prognathism, an increase in the mandibular plane angle in females, and a more inferior position of the hyoid bone in males.