While it has long been recognized that the human resource function must tak
e a move customer-oriented perspective on the design and delivery of HR pro
grams, this view has focused primarily on internal customers. However, exte
rnal customers can provide important input into HR activities (e.g., job an
alysis information), they can participate in HR activities (e.g., selection
decisions), and they can use HR activities (e.g., receive training). By ex
panding customer orientation in the HR function to focus explicitly on exte
rnal customers, a more direct relationship between human resource managemen
t and competitive organizational performance can be established. (C) 1999 J
ohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.