Case-referent study on occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in southern Israel

Objective: To evaluate the possible association between occupational exposu res (risk factors) and male bladder cancer in the Negev region (southern Is rael) to enable preventive strategies to be applied. Methods: A total of 92 male bladder cancer patients, diagnosed at a regional medical center betwe en 1989 and 1993, were studied by interview and compared with 92 males with out oncological disease after matching by age and country of origin. A spec ial questionnaire was developed to gather information on demography, life-t ime occupational history smoking habits, coffee consumption, and health sta tus. Statistical analysis of the case-referent data was done using the SPSS -5 package for performance of the chi-square test, conditional logistic reg ression, and multiple classification analysis. Results: Significant associa tions were found between bladder cancer occurrence and (I) three different groups of occupational exposures [a - solvents (P = 0.002, OR not computed due to the lack of exposed persons among referents), b - dusts (P = 0.02; O R = 4.67), and c - exposure to multiple chemicals (P < 0.001, OR = 6.25); ( 2) nephrolithiasis (P = 0.02, OR = 11.00); and (3) cigarette smoking (P = 0 .01, OR = 1.87). Conclusions: Certain types of occupational exposure, diffe rent from that to aromatic amines and dyes, may be considered as contributi ng factors in the epidemiology of bladder cancer. Better identification of these chemicals and the work processes where they are used may help in abat ing such exposures, thus leading to a reduction in the risk for this relati vely common cancer.