I. Yavari et F. Nourmohammadian, Stereoselective synthesis of tetraalkyl cyclobutene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylates. Synthesis of tetraalkyl (Z,Z)-buta-1,3-diene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylates, J CHEM R-S, (8), 1999, pp. 512-513
Tetraalkyl cyclobutene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylates, prepared by intramolecula
r Wittig reaction between a vinylphosphonium salt and diethyl 2-oxobutanedi
oate, undergo electrocyclic ring-opening reactions, in boiling toluene, to
produce highly electron-deficient 1,3-dienes.