Neutrophil activation and mediators of inflammation in chronic venous insufficiency

The effect of venous hypertension on the state of activation of leucocytes has been investigated in patients with venous disease and control subjects. Leucocytes become 'trapped' in the circulation of the leg during periods o f venous hypertension produced by sitting or standing. This is greater in t he limbs of patients with chronic venous disease than controls. Studies of the plasma levels of neutrophil granule enzymes show that these are increas ed during periods of venous hypertension, suggesting that this causes activ ation of the neutrophils. investigation of the leucocyte surface ligand CD1 1b shows that the more activated neutrophils and monocytes are sequestered during venous hypertension. Measurement of plasma levels of the soluble par ts of the vascular (VCAM), intercellular (ICAM) and endothelial leucocyte ( ELAM) adhesion molecules show that these are all elevated in patients with chronic venous disease compared to controls. Following 30 min of venous hyp ertension produced by standing, these levels are further increased. These d ata suggest that venous hypertension causes neutrophil and monocyte activat ion, which in turn causes injury to the endothelium. I believe that this ma y be the mechanism that initiates the pathological processes which lead to venous ulceration. It has recently been shown that the venotonic drug Daflo n 500 mg (450 mg diosmin, 50 mg hesperidin, Servier, France) influences the se processes. Surface expression of CD62L is reduced in neutrophils and mon ocytes, and plasma levels of soluble endothelial adhesion molecules are red uced. These observations may explain the antiinflammatory effects of Daflon 500 mg.