Immunological background in children with persistent diarrhea in Ghana

Background: Persistent diarrheal diseases have become one of the most serio us medical problems in developing countries, but few studies have been cond ucted to determine the risk factors. In the present study, we investigated the nutritional and immunological background in children with persistent di arrhea in comparison with those with acute diarrhea. Methods: Children with diarrhea who were brought to the Oral Rehydration Sa lt Clinic of Princess Marie Louise Children's Hospital in Accra were evalua ted from an immunological and nutritional aspect. In the follow-up visit, t he cases whose diarrhea stopped within 3 weeks after onset were classified into the acute diarrhea group; those with diarrhea lasting more than 2 week s were classed in the persistent group. Nutritional and immunological data at the initial visit were compared between these two groups. Results: In general, the diarrhea cases had a tendency to undernutrition an d impaired cellular immunity compared with healthy control. Persistent case s had lower values for longer half-life, rapid turn-over proteins. Persiste nt cases had a higher percentage of CD8(+) cells and lower CD4/CD8 ratio. C D25 expression in CD4(+) cells stimulated by anti-CD3 antibody was lower in the persistent diarrhea group. Conclusion: These results appear to support the hypothesis that more severe nutritional status and impairment of cellular immunity is related to the p ersistence of diarrhea.