P. Genin et al., Differential regulation of CC chemokine gene expression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected myeloid cells, VIROLOGY, 261(2), 1999, pp. 205-215
The importance of chemokine expression on HIV infection has been emphasized
by the discovery that infection of CD4(+) T cells by M-tropic strains of H
IV-1 is antagonized by the chemokines RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta,
which are natural ligands of CCR5, a major coreceptor for macrophagetropic
(M-tropic) isolates of HIV-1. Similarly, the CCR2b ligands MCP-1 and MCP-3
inhibit productive infection of PBMCs by both CCR5- and CXCR4-dependent str
ains of HIV-1, suggesting that expression of the MCP-1 chemokine may affect
HIV infection via signaling through the CCR2 receptor and subsequent desen
sitization of the CCR5 and/or CXCR4 signaling pathway. Given the major role
played by chemokine receptors in HIV-1 fusion/entry and the regulatory eff
ects of chemokines on HIV-1 infection, we examined the pattern of chemokine
gene expression in HIV-1-infected myeloid cells and in primary monocyte/ma
crophages. Chronic HIV-1 infection of U937 monocytic cells increased the ex
pression of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and IL-8 chemokine genes, but
strongly inhibited PMA/PHA- and TNF alpha-induced MCP-1 gene transcription.
HIV-1-mediated inhibition of MCP-1 transcription and secretion was further
confirmed in de novo HIV-1-infected U937 cells and correlated with a delay
in HIV- and signal-induced NF-kappa B binding to the MCP-1 promoter. The i
nhibition of MCP-1 gene expression may provide a mechanism by which HIV-1 e
scapes the early influence of chemokine expression in monocytic cells. (C)
1999 Academic Press.