Evolution of soil carbon with various cropping sequences on the rolling pampas. Determination of carbon origin using variations in natural C-13 abundance
A. Andriulo et al., Evolution of soil carbon with various cropping sequences on the rolling pampas. Determination of carbon origin using variations in natural C-13 abundance, AGRONOMIE, 19(5), 1999, pp. 349-364
The evolution of organic matter is studied in the soils of the humid centra
l Argentinean pampas, which are extensively cultivated, without the use of
fertilisers. The organic carbon contents of the soils were recorded on two
sites for 13 years. At Oliveros, five rotations were compared after 60 year
s of cropping: wheat monoculture (Triticum aestivum L.), maize monoculture
(Zea mays L.), wheat/soybean (Glycine max L.), wheat/soybean-maize and whea
t/soybean -sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). At Pergamino, a soybean monocu
lture followed directly after ploughing in the original pasture. Measuremen
ts of the variation in the C-13 isotopic composition were made to determine
the proportions of 'young' C (derived from crops) and 'old' C (present at
the start of the experiments) in the total reserve of organic C. At Olivero
s, the soil C contents fell markedly during the first 5 years of the experi
ment (a loss of about 9 %) and then seemed to have stabilised for all the r
otations. The amount of young C formed by the end of 13 years varied from 3
.9 to 9.9 Mg ha(-1), i.e. 10-17 % of the returned carbon. At Pergamino, plo
ughing the pasture caused a large fall in the organic carbon (28 %) during
the 13 years of soybean monoculture. The amount of old C fell rapidly, its
renewal time being 24 years. ((C) Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)