Impact of forest type and management strategy on avian densities in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA

Avian territory densities were determined from 20 Breeding Bird Censuses in mature (>30 years) bottomland hardwood stands and 18 Breeding Bird Censuse s in young (6-9 years old) cottonwood (Populus deltoides) plantations in th e Mississippi Alluvial Valley Avian species richness, diversity, and territ ory density were greater (p < 0.01) in bottomland hardwood stands than in i ntensively-managed cottonwood stands but these parameters were not impacted by selective timber harvest within bottomland hardwood stands nor by metho d of regeneration within cottonwood plantations (p > 0.05). Even so, detren ded correspondence analysis based on avian territory densities readily segr egated forest types and silvicultural treatments. Timber harvest within bot tomland hardwood stands resulted in a shift in bird communities toward thos e found in cottonwood stands by increasing the densities of early-successio nal species such as Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens), and Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas). Conversely , regenerating cottonwood stands from root sprouts, rather than planting st em cuttings, resulted in a shift in bird communities toward those found in bottomland hardwood stands by increasing densities of species such as White -eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus) and Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina). Tree sp ecies diversity, angular canopy cover, and midstory density were positively associated with bird species assemblages in bottomland hardwood stands, wh ereas vegetation density at ground level was positively associated with bir d communities in cottonwood plantations. Conversion of agricultural fields to short-rotation cottonwood plantations results in increased breeding bird populations by adding up to 140 additional territories 40 ha(-1). Even so, relative conservation values, derived from indicator species analysis and Partners in Flight concern scores, suggest that mature bottomland hardwood forests are twice as 'valuable' for bird conservation as are cottonwood pla ntations. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.