S. Husen et al., Accurate hypocentre determination in the seismogenic zone of the subducting Nazca Plate in northern Chile using a combined on-/offshore network, GEOPHYS J I, 138(3), 1999, pp. 687-701
The coupled plate interface of subduction zones-commonly called the seismog
enic zone-has been recognized as the origin of fatal earthquakes. A subset
of the aftershock series of the great Antofagasta thrust-type event (1995 J
uly 30; M-w = 8.0) has been used to study the extent of the seismogenic zon
e in northern Chile. To achieve reliable and precise hypocentre locations w
e applied the concept of the minimum 1-D model, which incorporates iterativ
e simultaneous inversion of velocity and hypocentre parameters. The minimum
1-D model is complemented by station corrections which are influenced by n
ear-surface velocity heterogeneity and by the individual station elevations
. By relocating mine blasts, which were not included in the inversion, we o
btain absolute location errors of 1 km in epicentre and 2 km in focal depth
. A study of the resolution parameters ALE and DSPR documents the importanc
e of offshore stations on location accuracy for offshore events. Based on p
recisely determined hypocentres we calculate a depth of 46 km for the lower
limit of the seismogenic zone, which is in good agreement with previous st
udies for this area. For the upper limit we found a depth of 20 km. Our res
ults of an aseismic zone between the upper limit of the seismogenic zone an
d the surface correlates with a detachment zone proposed by other studies;
the results are also in agreement with thermal studies for the Antofagasta
forearc region.