Penalized discriminant analysis of in situ hyperspectral data for conifer species recognition

Using in situ hyperspectral measurements collected in the Sierra Nevada Mou ntains in California, we discriminate six species of conifer trees using a recent, nonparametric statistics technique known as penalized discriminant analysis (PDA). A classification accuracy of 76% is obtained. Our emphasis is on providing an intuitive, geometric description of PDA that makes the a dvantages of penalization clear, PDA is a penalized version of Fisher's lin ear discriminant analysis (LDA) and can greatly improve upon LDA when there are a large number of highly correlated variables.