This paper describes the design and fabrication of distributed analog phase
-shifter circuits. The phase shifters consist of coplanar-waveguide (CPW) l
ines that are periodically loaded with varactor diodes, The circuits are fa
bricated on GaAs using standard monolithic processing techniques. The phase
velocity on these varactor diode-loaded CPW lines is a function of applied
reverse bias, thus resulting in analog phase-shifting circuits, Optimally
designed circuits exhibit 0 degrees-360 degrees phase shift at 20 GHz with
a maximum insertion loss (IL) of 4.2 dB, To the best of our knowledge, this
is the lowest reported IL for a solid-state analog phase shifter operating
at 20 GHz.