In general, the criteria for treatment of urolithiasis in children are
the same as those for adults. Today, extracorporeal shock wave lithot
ripsy (ESWL) is the method of choice for treatment of most pediatric u
rinary stones. Stone-free rates between 57 % and 97 % at short-term fo
llow-up and 57 %-92 % at long-term follow-up have proven the efficacy
of ESWL treatment in children. So far, there is no evidence of negativ
e side effects of ESWL treatment in children in the long-term, confirm
ing the safety of ESWL treatment seen in the short-term results. In pa
rticular, neither induction of hypertension nor deterioration of renal
function have been detected in children when limitation of shock wave
energy and shock wave numbers have been carefully observed.