New mathematical models for particle flow dynamics

A new class of integro-partial differential equation models is derived for the prediction of granular flow dynamics. These models are obtained using a novel limiting averaging method (inspired by techniques employed in the de rivation of infinite-dimensional dynamical systems models) on the Newtonian equations of motion of a many-particle system incorporating widely used in elastic particle-particle force formulas. By using Taylor series expansions , these models can be approximated by a system of partial differential equa tions of the Navier-Stokes type. The exact or approximate governing equatio ns obtained are far from simple, but they are less complicated than most of the continuum models now being used to predict particle flow behavior. Sol utions of the new models for granular flows down inclined planes and in vib rating beds are compared with known experimental and analytical results and good agreement is obtained.