Nonepileptic seizures: psychiatric framework, treatment, and outcome

Nonepileptic seizures (NES) are usually psychiatrically classified as conve rsion seizures, but NES can also represent misdiagnosed symptoms of panic, dissociation, or traumatic flashbacks. This article offers analogies for ex plaining NES to patients, steps for initial neurologic management, discussi on of common categories of underlying psychiatric diagnoses, an outline of psychiatric treatments for NES, and an overview of prognostic predictors of better and worse outcomes.