Microsurgical anatomy of the temporal lobe: Part 1: Mesial temporal lobe anatomy and its vascular relationships as applied to amygdalohippocampectomy

OBJECTIVE: We review the anatomy of the mesial temporal lobe region, establ ishing the relationships among the intraventricular, extraventricular, and surrounding vascular structures and their angiographic characterization. We also demonstrate the clinical application of these anatomic landmarks in a n anatomic temporal lobectomy plus amygdalohippocampectomy. METHODS: Fifty-two adult cadaveric hemispheres and 12 adult cadaveric heads were studied, using a magnification ranging from 3x to 40x, after perfusio n of the arteries and veins with colored latex. RESULTS: The intraventricular elements are the hippocampus, fimbria, amygda la, and choroidal fissure; the extraventricular elements are the uncus and parahippocampal and dentate gyri. The uncus has an anterior segment, an ape x, and a posterior segment that has an inferior and a posteromedial surface ; the uncus is related medially to cisternal elements and laterally to intr aventricular elements. The anterior segment is related to the proximal sylv ian fissure, internal carotid artery, proximal M1 segment of the middle cer ebral artery, proximal cisternal anterior choroidal artery, and amygdala. T he apex is related to the oculomotor nerve, uncal recess, and amygdala; the posteromedial surface is related to the P2A segment of the posterior cereb ral artery inferiorly, to the distal cisternal anterior choroidal artery su periorly, and to the head of the hippocampus and amygdala intraventricularl y. The choroidal fissure is located between the thalamus and fimbria; it be gins at the inferior choroidal point behind the head of the hippocampus and constitutes the medial wall of the posterior two-thirds of the temporal ho rn. CONCLUSION: Not only is the knowledge of these relations useful to angiogra phically characterize the mesial temporal region, but it has also proven to be of extreme value during microsurgeries involving this region.