Researchers who study human pathogens are often interested in unique and es
sential aspects of the biology of the pathogen. Recent progress has been ma
de in understanding such a target in kinetoplastid parasites. The paraflage
llar rod is a unique cytoskeletal structure that plays a key role in the li
fe-cycle of these fascinating organisms. This review discusses the protein
components and structure of the paraflagellar rod and its function in cell
motility.