The impact of economic sanctions on health and human rights in Haiti, 1991-1994

Objectives. This report examines the impact of an economic embargo from 199 1 to 1994 on health, well-being, and human rights in Haiti. Methods. Data from surveillance systems for nutrition, reportable diseases, and hospital diagnoses were combined with survey data and interviews with affected women, governmental representatives, diplomats, and staff of nongo vernmental organizations. Results. Changes included declining income, rising unemployment, poorer nut rition, declining infant mortality, rising mortality among 1- to 4-year-old s, decreased attention to children's well-being and education, and family b reakdown. Survival strategies among poor Haitians included changed dietary habits, informal-sector economic activity, moving in with relatives, sellin g domestic goods, increased informal unions among couples, decreased school attendance, and indentured servitude among children Conclusions. The implementation of economic sanctions in Haiti resulted in extensive violations of rights; the impact was greatest on the most disadva ntaged Haitians. Many Haitian and international supporters of democracy wer e unaware of the extensive negative impact that sanctions could have. The i mpact continues now 5 years after sanctions ended. Modified policies reduce d some of the burden of sanctions, and intel national assistance prevented what otherwise might have become a humanitarian disaster during sanctions.