Ar. Chase et W. Hill, Reliable operant apparatus for fish: Audio stimulus generator, response button, and pellet-dispensing nipple, BEHAV RE ME, 31(3), 1999, pp. 470-478
As part of ongoing research into the ability of koi to categorize complex a
uditory stimuli, we have had to develop novel apparatus. The stimulus gener
ator presents sound from two CD drives under computer control through a new
underwater speaker. The operant manipulandum is a horizontal button that e
liminates spurious triggering by water turbulence and problematic response
topographies. The button's design has also been adapted for use by tilapia
in an aquacultural food-preference study. The feeder uses a nipple to dispe
nse food pellets reliably under water. In this paper, the apparatus is desc
ribed in detail. Also discussed are methodological issues related to its de
sign, as well as its usage in a pilot study in which koi learned to discrim
inate music from silence by using a single manipulandum with food reinforce
ment.