Cancer in asbestos-exposed occupational cohorts: a meta-analysis

Objective: To examine existing asbestos-exposed occupational cohorts and ap ply a meta-analytic technique to determine the magnitude of association bet ween exposure and lung cancer and to investigate other cancer sites that ma y be related to such an exposure. Methods: We summarized the data from 69 asbestos-exposed occupational cohor ts reporting on cancer morbidity and mortality. Data were extracted regardi ng numbers of deaths for each cancer, numbers of mesotheliomas, occupations and latency for respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary and lymphohematopoi etic cancers. For each cancer, we calculated a meta-SMR and examined hetero geneity of results using a chi-square test and by calculating a Z-statistic for each study. To examine the dose-response effect, we divided the studie s into tertiles according to the percentage of mesothelioma deaths that ser ved as a proxy estimation of asbestos exposure. Results: Lung cancer data demonstrated meta-SMRs of 163 and 148 with and wi thout latency, respectively, with significant heterogeneity of results even after stratification according to occupational groups. Stratification of l ung cancer studies according to percentage of mesothelioma deaths showed a dose-response effect. Z-scores ranged from - 12.21 to + 29.49. Analysis for laryngeal cancer yielded meta-SMRs of 157 and 133 with and without latency , respectively, demonstrating homogeneous results across studies but accomp anied by no evidence of a dose-response effect. Data for gastrointestinal c ancers showed no evidence of a significant association and no dose-response effect. Kidney cancer demonstrated statistically non-significant meta-SMRs of 120 (95% CI 88-160) and 111 (95% CI 94-131) with and without latency re spectively. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates a wide variability of the asso ciation between occupational asbestos and lung cancer. There was a suggesti on of an association between asbestos and laryngeal carcinoma and no clear association with other cancers.