Calibration of vector navigation in desert ants

Desert ants (Cataglyphis sp.) monitor their position relative to the nest u sing a form of dead reckoning [1-3] known as path integration (PI) [4]. The y do this with a sun compass and an odometer to update an accumulator that records their current position [1]. Ants can use PI to return to the nest [ 2,3]. Here, we report that desert ants, like honeybees [5] and hamsters [6] , can also use PI to approach a previously visited food source. To navigate to a goal using only PI information, a forager must recall a previous stat e of the accumulator specifying the goal, and compare it with the accumulat or's current state [4], The comparison - essentially vector subtraction - g ives the direction to the goal. This whole process, which we call vector na vigation, was found to be calibrated at recognised sites, such as the nest and a familiar feeder, throughout the life of a forager. If a forager was t rained around a one-way circuit in which the result of PI on the return rou te did not match the result on the outward route, calibration caused the an t's trajectories to be misdirected. We propose a model of vector navigation to suggest how calibration could produce such trajectories.