Contrasting patterns of cognitive abilities of 9-and 10-year-olds with Williams syndrome or Down syndrome

Comparative cognitive strengths and weaknesses of 9- and 10-year-old childr en with Williams syndrome or Down syndrome were examined. From an original sample of 21 children with Williams syndrome and 25 children with Down synd rome, 13 pairs of children with Williams or Down syndrome were individually matched for chronological age and total points earned on the McCarthy Scal es of Children's Abilities (MSCA). All of the unmatched children with Willi ams syndrome earned more total points than any of the unmatched children wi th Down syndrome, suggesting that the general cognitive ability distributio ns for Williams syndrome and Down syndrome are not equivalent. Performance of the matched pairs of participants on both the MSCA (domain and subtest) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) was contrasted. Pa rticipants with Williams syndrome showed comparative strengths in the Verba l and Memory domains, whereas children with Down syndrome showed a comparat ive strength in the Perceptual-Performance domain. Children with Williams s yndrome showed subtest strengths indicating comparatively stronger verbal m emory abilities, but no significant differences in performance on subtests measuring semantic abilities or on the PPVT-R were observed. Children with Down syndrome showed subtest strengths indicating comparatively stronger vi suospatial constructive skills. Findings are discussed in relation to resul ts of previous studies contrasting adolescents and young adults with Willia ms syndrome or Down syndrome.